First in Flight Read online

  Burkhart, J. C., 229

  Butusov, Paul, 104

  Caffeys Inlet Lifesaving Station, 141–42, 148

  Camp d’Auvours, 235

  Cape Hatteras, 86, 147, 229, 294

  Cape Hatteras Lifesaving Station, 158

  Cape Hatteras National Seashore, 262

  Cape Lookout Lighthouse, 207

  Carl Gerhard, 148

  Carolina Development Company, 261

  Carpenter, Thomas, 89

  Chanute, Annie Riddell James, 120

  Chanute biplane of 1896, 12

  Chanute, Charles, 14, 103, 120

  Chanute, Octave, 14–15, 97, 153–54, 166, 178; background, 8, 119–20; death, 283; Indiana dunes experiments, 12–14, 100, 105; interest in flight, 9; memorials to, 284; 1901 visit to Outer Banks, 78–79, 82; 1902 visit to Outer Banks, 119, 124; 1903 visit to Outer Banks, 139, 153, 171, 172; pictured, 13, 55, 280; relationship with Herring, 100–101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 122; relationship with Huffaker, 62, 65–66; relationship with Langley, 10, 64, 103, 116, 124; relationship with Spratt, 70–71, 116, 153; relationship with Wrights, 24, 53, 71–72, 96, 99–100, 136–37, 156, 194, 201–2, 203–4, 279–83, 284

  Chanute-Herring multiwing of 1902, 122

  Chanute-Huffaker glider of 1901, 66, 67, 68

  Chanute-Lamson glider of 1902, 122

  Charles, Jacques Alexandre Cesar, 233

  Cheatham, Frank B., 264

  Chicamacomico Lifesaving Station, 142, 146

  Civil Air Patrol, 303

  Cleveland, Grover, 16

  Coastal Carolina Emergency Network, 294

  Colington Island, 301

  Combs, Harry, 197, 238, 312

  Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, 288

  Core Banks, 207

  Corolla, 142, 316

  Cropsey, Nell, 15–16

  Crouch, Tom, 18, 98

  Crowther, James G., 18

  Curlicue, 30–31, 32, 33, 110

  Currituck Beach, 157, 186

  Currituck Beach Lifesaving Station, 141, 142, 186

  Currituck Beach Lighthouse, 158, 267

  Curtiss, Glenn, 201, 205, 238, 252, 259, 267; exhibition team, 239, 240; Great Aerodrome trials, 274–75; patent suit brought by Wrights against, 258, 288; pictured, 275; relationship with Herring, 291;

  Curtiss-Wright Company, 259

  Daniels, Archie, 316

  Daniels, John T., 139, 148, 150, 175, 199, 298–99, 316; death, 301; later years, 299–300; photo of first flight, 179–80; pictured, 140, 300; present at famous flights, 178, 179, 182, 187, 189; visits national memorial, 262

  Daniels, Josephus, 300, 301

  Dare County, 261, 313

  Dare, Virginia, 242, 318

  Da Vinci, Leonardo, 15

  Davis, Dwight F., 263

  Dayton, Ohio, 193, 322

  Dayton-Wright Company, 259

  Dean, Edward O., 187, 188, 189, 190, 295, 296, 297

  Deery, Patrick, 157

  Delagrange, Léon, 204

  Deluged Civilization of the Caucasus Isthmus, The, 294

  Diamond Shoals, 147

  dirigibles versus airplanes, 52

  Dismal Swamp Canal, 188

  District of Columbia, 261

  Dixie, 211

  Doherty, Elwood, 274

  Doodle-Bug, 288

  Dos Passos, John, 312

  Dosher, Joe, 25, 26, 29, 42, 161, 185, 186, 187, 315

  Dough, Willie S., 57, 139, 148, 150, 176, 214, 298; pictured, 140; present at famous flights, 178, 187, 189; visits national memorial, 262

  Drinkwater, Alpheus “Alf,” xii, 157, 178, 212, 298; background, 158–59; coverage of Moccasin, 159, 160–61; death, 305; first-flight story, 161, 186, 303; later years, 303–5; pictured, 160, 303; relationship with Wrights, 161; transmits 1908 dispatches, 214, 221, 225–26, 303–4

  Drinkwater, Dorothy, 304

  Earhart, Amelia, 46, 262

  Early Birds, 300

  Eastern Carolina Transportation Company, 243

  Edison, Thomas, 83

  Elizabeth City, 5, 51, 109, 163, 208, 243, 288, 308, 312

  Ely, Eugene, 296

  Essary, Fred, 229

  Etheridge, Adam D., 55, 57, 139, 148, 150, 154, 298; caretaker of Wrights’ camp, 56; death, 301; later years, 299, 317; pictured, 300; present at famous flights, 178; visits national memorial, 262

  Farman, Henri, 204

  Fessenden, Helen, 89

  Fessenden, Reginald, background, 83; birth, 83; continuous-wave theory, 84–85; death, 294; later years, 292–94; pictured, 90, 293; relationship with Willis Moore, 91–93; relationship with Wrights, 89–91, 94–95, 292; tenure with Weather Bureau, 85, 86, 91–93

  Fessenden Memorial Public Service Award, 294

  “First in Flight” license plate, 313

  “First in Freedom” license plate, 313

  First Flight Society, 266

  Ford, Henry, 156, 294, 299–300

  Fort Myer, Virginia, 94

  Fort Raleigh, 243, 304, 308

  14-bis, 203

  Frost, Robert, 312

  Furnas, Charlie, 210, 211, 227, 235, 317

  Gardiner, Gilson, 228

  Garros, Roland, 267

  Gatling Flyer. See Old Turkey Buzzard

  Gatling, James Henry, 7–8

  Gatling, Richard, 7

  Gilman, John A., 263

  Glenn, John, 268

  Glenn L. Martin Company, 258

  Glennan, Keville, 187–88, 189, 190, 222, 226, 295, 296, 297

  Gordon Bennett Trophy, 244

  Grant, Charles C., 186–87, 226

  Graveyard of the Atlantic, 141

  Gray, Jim J., 186

  Great Aerodrome, 167, 171, 175, 274, 275, 308

  Great Dismal Swamp, 312

  Greenfield Village, 300

  Gridiron Dinner, 308

  Griggs, Robert, pictured, 38

  Gundlach, Ernst, 37

  Hakluyt, Richard, 58

  Hare, Jimmy, 223, 224

  Harwood, Van Ness, 246, 298; pictured, 242

  Hathaway, J. D., 241, 242

  Hatteras Island, 146

  Hattie Creef, 229

  Hawthorn Hill, 259

  Herring, Augustus, xii, 14, 65, 238, 282; attempts powered flight, 105–8; background, 102; birth, 102; death, 291; Indiana dunes experiments, 104, 105; interest in flight, 102; later years, 289–91; motorcycle business, 108, 109; 1902 visit to Outer Banks, 119, 121–22, 124; pictured, 101, 290; relationship with Chanute, 100–101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 122; relationship with Curtiss, 291; relationship with Langley, 103, 124; relationship with Wrights, 101–2, 103, 109, 289–90; tenure at Smithsonian, 103

  Herring, Bill, 292

  Herring, Lillian Mullen, 104

  Herring-Curtiss Company, 238, 291

  Heuth, Allen R., 261, 263

  Hines, Thomas, pictured, 38

  Hockaday, Woody, 262

  Hollowell, Margaret, 317, 318

  Hoover, Herbert, 268, 304

  Hoster, Bill, 216, 217, 218, 223, 225, 227, 228

  Howard, Fred, 30, 124

  Huffaker, Carrie Sue, 65

  Huffaker, Edward, 53, 73, 75, 82, 96; background, 61; birth, 61; death, 289; interest in flight, 61–62; later years, 288–89; 1901 visit to Outer Banks, 59, 60, 82; observations on bird flight, 62–63; pictured, 55, 59, 79; relationship with Chanute, 62, 65–66; relationship with Langley, 64–65, 116; relationship with Wrights, 66–68, 79–80, 98, 156; tenure at Smithsonian, 64–65

  Huffaker, Mary Ada, 289

  Huffman, David, 312

  Huffman Prairie, 195, 196, 197, 199, 204, 251, 269

  Huffman, Torrence, 195, 197

  Hunaudières, Les, 235, 236

  Husting, Eugene, 102

  Icarus, 267

  International Aviation Tournament of 1910, 244

  International Civil Aeronautics Conference, 261

  Jockey’s Ridge, 141, 314, 315

  Jockey’s Ridge State P
ark, 314

  Johns, Jim, 315

  Johnstone, Ralph, 240

  Jones Hill Lifesaving Station. See Currituck Beach Lifesaving Station

  Jones, Ora L., 154–55

  Katydid, 12, 14, 15, 100

  Keach, James, 312

  Keach, Stacy, 312, 313

  Kelly, Fred, xi

  Kill Devil Hills, 45, 54, 147, 155, 197, 262, 313

  Kill Devil Hills Lifesaving Station, 139, 142, 147, 148, 175, 179, 210, 315–16

  Kill Devil Hills Memorial Association, 260–61, 307

  Kill Devil Hills Monument National Memorial. See Wright Brothers National Memorial

  Kindervater, William H., 263

  Kitty Hawk, 25, 28, 32, 147, 313, 322

  Kitty Hawk Lifesaving Station, 139, 142, 147, 149, 179, 315

  Kitty Hawk Monument to the Wrights, 46, 319–21

  Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau office, 124, 161, 182, 185, 186, 315

  Kruckman, Arnold, 247

  Kyzikes, 147–48

  Lamson, Charles, 100, 122

  Langley, Samuel, 8, 14, 22, 97, 105, 116, 164, 203, 275; attempts at powered flight, 167, 174–75; background, 10; coverage in press, 192–93; early experiments, 10–12; pictured, 13; relationship with Chanute, 10, 64, 103, 116, 124; relationship with Herring, 103, 124; relationship with Huffaker, 64–65, 116; relationship with Wrights, 124–25, 165–67

  Lawson, John, 58

  lift, mechanics of, 43

  Lilienthal, David, 193–94

  Lilienthal, Otto, 10, 20, 21–22, 43, 44, 102

  Lindbergh, Charles, 267, 301; pictured 310

  Little Kinnakeet Lifesaving Station, 142

  Lockheed Corporation, 249

  Long Point Lighthouse, 260, 305, 306, 308

  Lost Colony, 242, 243

  Lost Colony (drama), 295

  Lou Willis, 109, 110, 119, 122, 127, 173, 209

  Lougheed, Allan, 249

  Lougheed, Malcolm, 249

  Lougheed, Victor, 249–51

  MacCracken, William P., Jr., 261

  Manly, Charles, 167, 175

  Manteo, 45, 163, 243, 308

  Manteo telegraph office, 214

  Marconi, Guglielmo, 84, 91, 93, 240

  Marey, Etienne Jules, 20

  Martins Point, 112, 150, 319

  Mauretania, 309

  McGowan, P. H., 223, 225, 228

  McLean, Angus, 261, 262

  Metropolis, 142

  Midgett, Franklin, 110, 127, 173

  Midgett, John Allen, 146

  Midgett, Leroy, 146

  Mirlo, 146, 147

  Mitchell, John, 245

  Mitchell (reporter), 246

  Mobikes, 108, 109

  Moccasin, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 178, 186

  Montgomery, John, 250, 251

  Moore, Chloe, 302

  Moore, Harry P., 188–89, 190, 193, 295, 296–97

  Moore, Johnny, 57, 151, 199; death, 302; later years, 150, 301–2; pictured, 301; present at famous flights, 178, 180–81; visits national memorial, 262, 302

  Moore, Willis, 23, 91–93, 95; pictured, 92

  Moriarty, Michael, 312

  Mouillard, Louis-Pierre, 280–81, 282

  Mozhaisky, Alexander E., 270, 273

  Mullen, Lillian. See Herring, Lillian Mullen

  Myers, Benjamin, 222, 226

  Nags Head, 45, 142, 242, 243, 312, 313

  Nags Head Lifesaving Station, 142

  Nags Head Woods, 178

  Nash, Ogden, 312

  National Aeronautic Association, 46, 260, 262, 307

  National Air and Space Museum, 162

  National Electric Signaling Company, 93, 292

  National Park Service, 26, 56, 57, 211, 260, 268, 308

  Newton, Byron, 218, 221, 223, 225, 226, 230; background, 216, 297; describes local citizens, 216–17; later years, 297–98; pictured, 219

  Norfolk Dispatch, 297

  Norfolk Landmark, 189, 190

  Norfolk Virginian, 187

  Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 187, 189–90, 205, 212, 222, 227, 295–96

  Norfolk Weather Bureau office, 186, 187, 189, 222, 226, 295, 296

  North Carolina Aviation Committee, 307

  Nottingham, S. S., 222

  Ocracoke, 163

  Ogilvie, Alec, 243–45, 246, 248, 249, 252; pictured, 242

  Old Turkey Buzzard, 7, 8

  Oldfield, Barney, 155–56

  “On Soaring Flight,” 62–63

  “$1000 Beauty,” 67, 68

  O’Neal, Benjamin W. “Uncle Benny,” 149, 176, 214

  O’Neal, Oliver, 54

  Oregon Inlet, 216

  Oregon Inlet Lifesaving Station, 142, 148, 158

  Orville and Wilbur (movie), 313

  “Our Life in Camp at Kitty Hawk,” 110

  Outer Banks lifesavers, xii, 139, 142, 143, 144–45

  Outer Banks weather, 125, 197, 241

  Palau, 309

  Paraguay. See Kyzikes

  Pau, France, 236

  Payne, S. J., 149, 179, 192; pictured, 38

  Pearse, Richard, 271, 273

  Pénaud, Alphonse, 20

  Peoria, 157

  Perry, Israel, 29–30, 31, 32, 110, 255, 319

  Phillips, M., 58

  Poor, Alfred E., 264

  Poyner Hill, 142

  Progress in Flying Machines, 9–10

  Pugh, Benjamin D., 148

  Raby, Ormond, 93

  Randolph, Stella, 272, 273

  Rathbun, Richard, 21

  Ray, 127

  Redpath Lyceum Bureau, 131

  Revenue Cutter Service, 147

  Roanoke Island, 86, 163, 242, 243, 294, 308

  Rodgers, Calbraith Perry, 267

  Rogallo, Francis, 314–15

  Rogers, Robert P., 264

  Rolls, Charles, 244

  Roosevelt, Alice, 159

  Roosevelt, Franklin, 308

  Roosevelt, Teddy, 92, 159

  Root, Amos, 127, 200

  Rose, Charlie, 207

  Ruhl, Arthur, 223–24, 227, 230

  Salley, D. Bruce, xii; background, 212–13; death, 298; later years, 298; 1908 visit to Outer Banks, 213–16, 217, 218, 221–22, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230; 1911 visit to Outer Banks, 246

  Sanderlin, Robert, pictured, 38

  Sanderlin, Thomas, pictured, 38

  Santos-Dumont, Alberto, 51, 52, 203, 269

  Saunders, W. O., 260, 299

  Science Museum of London, 276, 309

  Selfridge, Thomas, 235, 236

  Severn, Bennett, 307

  Severn, Irene Tate, 46, 211, 307; pictured, 34

  Short, Eustace, 244

  Short, Oswald, 244

  Simms Station. See Huffman Prairie

  Smith, John Maynard, 16

  Smithsonian Institution, 11, 21, 62, 124, 162, 192, 288; Great Aerodrome controversy, 274, 275–76, 308, 309

  soaring, 164

  “Some Aeronautical Experiments,” 96, 108

  Southern Shores, 314

  Sperry, Elmer, 252

  Sperry, Lawrence “Gyro,” 251–52

  Spratt, George, 53, 66, 67, 75, 98; background, 69; death, 287; interest in flight, 69–70; 1901 visit to Outer Banks, 60, 72, 82; 1902 visit to Outer Banks, 117, 125; 1903 visit to Outer Banks, 139, 152–53, 171, 172; observations on bird flight, 70; pictured, 71; relationship with Chanute, 70–71; relationship with Wrights, 68, 72–73, 116–17, 156, 284–85

  Spratt, George G., 286, 287–88; pictured as child, 71

  Spratt glider of 1908, 286

  Spratt powered biplane of 1934, 286–87

  Stephens, William, 58

  Stick, David, 141

  Stick, Frank, 261

  Submarine Signal Company, 292

  Swindell, Lillie, 154, 316–17

  Taft, William Howard, 95, 237

  Tate, Addie, 33–34, 36, 45–46; pictured, 34

  Tate, Bill, 25, 28–29, 54, 56, 96, 178, 211, 257, 322; background, 26; death, 307; describ
ed, 35, 46; establishes Kitty Hawk monument, 319; first meeting with Wilbur, 33–35; helps with gliders, 40, 45; later years, 305, 306, 307; misses famous flights, 150–51; moves to Martins Point, 112, 150; pictured, 34, 305; relationship with Orville, 35, 260, 305, 308; visits national memorial, 262

  Tate, Dan, xii, 111, 115, 119, 124, 126, 168, 169, 172; helps construct camp, 54, 164; helps with gliders, 48, 113, 114; pictured, 79, 113, 126; relationship with Wrights, 112, 151–52

  Tate, Elijah, 211, 212, 229, 247, 307

  Tate, Irene. See Severn, Irene Tate

  Tate, Lewis, 211, 212, 247

  Tate, Pauline. See Woodard, Pauline Tate

  Tate, Tom, 46–48, 112, 212, 248; pictured, 47

  Taylor, Charlie, 132–33, 134, 153, 172, 174, 195, 235

  Tillett, Avery B. L., 149, 215

  Tranquil House, 213, 216, 223, 226, 229

  Trowbridge, John, 6

  Twiddy, Doug, 315–16

  United Brethren Church, 20

  United States Army Quartermaster Corps, 263

  United States Bureau of Lighthouses, 305

  United States Coast Guard, 147, 299

  United States Department of Agriculture, 85

  United States Lifesaving Service, xii, 141, 147, 159

  United States Signal Service, 158

  United States Submarine Service, 157

  United States Weather Bureau, 23, 85, 91, 92, 93, 95, 159

  USS Birmingham, 296

  USS Huron, 142

  Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 239

  Ward, Jesse E., 139, 148, 221; pictured, 140

  Ward, Otto C., 148

  Warren, Lindsay, 260, 262

  Washington, George, 61

  Weir Point, 86

  Wenham, Francis Herbert, 70

  Westcott, Robert L., 148, 149–50, 175, 179, 192

  Western Society of Engineers, 96, 108, 279

  Western Union, 159

  Westinghouse, George, 83

  Whitehead, Gustave, 271–72, 273

  Wilcox, Jim, 16

  Williamson, W. H., 13

  Willis, Taylor, and Mafera, 264

  Wilson, James, 93

  Wilson, Woodrow, 95, 298, 301 wing warping, 22–23, 79, 80, 82, 118, 238

  Wood, Frank B., 155–56

  Woodard, Elmer, Jr., 26, 56, 260, 306, 308, 319

  Woodard, Elmer, Sr., 307

  Woodard, Pauline Tate, 46, 211, 307; pictured, 34

  World’s Columbian Exposition, 84

  Wright, Horace “Buster,” 243, 247–48; pictured, 242, 248

  Wright, Katharine, 19, 114, 133, 177, 194, 216, 236, 237, 244

  Wright, Lorin, 177, 193, 275; background, 114–15; 1902 visit to Outer Banks, 114, 115, 118, 123, 124; 1911 visit to Outer Banks, 243, 246, 248; pictured, 115, 242

  Wright, Milton, 19, 177, 197, 257, 258

  Wright, Orville, xi, 84; birth, 18; conceives movable rudder, 118–19; death, 301, 310; described, 19; first glides, 113; gets typhoid, 20, 255; injured in crash, 236; 1908 flights at Fort Myer, 235; 1909 flights at Fort Myer, 236; record glides of 1911, 249; relationship with Bill Tate, 35, 260, 305, 308; sends 1903 Flyer to England, 276; visits national memorial, 260, 261–63, 267–68, 307–8